SC+2009+Issue+1

= = = SC Topic 1: Peace and Security on the Korean Peninsula = Student Officer: Jenny An Here is the Chair's research report. The purpose of publishing the report is to share information related to the topic and facillitate the delegates' research. // "Breaking News: Korean navies exchange fire" has been added. Please, scroll down to find the premature resolution drafted by the Delegate of Austria //**// Introduction //**  ........ During the last decade, the Democratic Republic of Korea's threat of its nuclear weapons, as well as the recent missile launch, has deepened the tension not only on the Korean peninsula but on the world as a whole. It is one of the unique, difficult cases that puts the United Nations into a hard position. Prohibiting the development of nuclear wepaons and missiles is one of the world's greates interest and concern. The research report is focused on North Korea's action which threatens international peace and security and identify the position of the major players in the issue.

........ The division of the Korean peninsula into two sovereign states with distinctive ideologies was the result of the Cold War rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States of America. As Japan withdrew from the Korean peninsula after World War II, the Soivet Union marched to Chinese Manchuria and to the tip of the northern section of the Korean peninsula. Through expanding its territory, the Soveit Union established a communist presence in its newly gained territory. Watching its rival, the United States occupied the southern part of Korea (Uschan, 25). In 1945, U.S. officials and Soviets agreed to divide Korea into two halves by the 38th parallel. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) officially became independent states ini 1948. The Korean War, a war between North Korean communist and South Korean democratic regimes, broke out in 1950 by Norh Korea's invasion. In 1953 at Panmunjom, cease-fire was signed by both Koreas, and the war has not officially ended (8-9).

**//

Breaking News: "Korean Navies Exchange Fires "//** "North and South Korea said their naval forces clashed Tuesday in disputed waters, and each blamed the other for what is the first such violent incident in seven years." http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/11/10/koreas.naval.clash/index.html

//**Premature Resolution drafted by Delegate of Austria ** Delegate of Austria requested the Chair to post his premature resolution on this page in order to share his perspective on the given issue, as well as, to spend the merging time more efficiently at the conference. Please, send him an email at// charles1995@hotmail.com or c.goh@dulwich-suzhou.cn //** Useful Links ** //

a) UNBISnet - Voting Record: [] b) Security Council resolution 1718 (2006) [on imposition of restrictive measures on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK)]: c) Security Council resolution 1874 (2009) [on measures against the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in connection with its nuclear weapons tests]: d) CNN News Specials - North Korea: [] e) BBC News Special Reports - North Korea: Secretive State [] f) The Official Webpage of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) [] Chronology of North Korea's Missile Program - [|Link] //** //Continued (Information obtained from CNN International)//
 * //
 * Aug. 31, 1998 || North Korea fires suspected missile over Japan and into the Pacific Ocean, calling it a satellite. ||
 * Sept. 13, 1999 || North Korea pledges to freeze long-range missile tests.  ||
 * June 2001 || North Korea warns it will reconsider missile test moratorium if Washington doesn't resume contacts aimed at normalizing relations.  ||
 * July 2001 || US State Department reports North Korea developing long-range missile.  ||
 * September 2002 || North Korea pledges in summit talks with Japan to extend its moratorium on missile tests beyond 2003.  ||
 * Jan. 10, 2003 || North Korea announces withdrawal from Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.  ||
 * March 10, 2003 || North Korea fires a land-to-ship missile off east coast into waters between the Korean peninsula and Japan.  ||
 * October 2003 || North Korea fires two land-to-ship missiles.  ||
 * May 2004 || North Korea reaffirms its missile moratorium in summit talks with Japan.  ||
 * May 2005 || North Korea fires a short-range missile into waters between the Korean peninsula and Japan.  ||
 * March 8, 2006 || North Korea fires two short-range missiles.  ||
 * June 18, 2006 || North Korea vows to increase its "military deterrent" to cope with what it calls US attempts to provoke war.  ||
 * July 5, 2006 || North Korea launches seven missiles into waters between the Korean peninsula and Japan, including a long-range Taepodong-2.  ||
 * July 15, 2006 || UN Security Council adopts Resolution 1695 demanding North Korea halt missile program.  ||
 * Oct. 9, 2006 || North Korea conducts underground nuclear test blast after citing "extreme threat of a nuclear war" from US.  ||
 * Oct. 15, 2006 || UN Security Council adopts Resolution 1718 condemning test, imposing sanctions and banning North Korea from activities related to its nuclear weapons program, including "their means of delivery and related materials."  ||
 * July 14, 2007 || North Korea shuts down its main Yongbyon reactor, later starts disabling it.  ||
 * June 27, 2008 || North Korea destroys cooling tower at Yongbyon.  ||
 * Sept. 19, 2008 || North Korea says it is restoring a key atomic reactor.  ||
 * Oct. 11, 2008 || US removes North Korea from a list of states that sponsor terrorism.  ||
 * Feb. 15, 2009 || North Korea claims it has the right to "space development."  ||
 * Feb. 23, 2009 || South Korea says North Korea has a new type of medium-range ballistic missile capable of reaching northern Australia and Guam.  ||
 * March 11, 2009 || North Korea declares satellite launch will take place between April 4-8.  ||
 * April 5, 2009 || North Korea launches long-range rocket from its base at Musundan-ri on the country's northeast coast.  ||
 * July 5, 2009 || North Korea test-fires seven short-range missiles in less than seven hours toward the East Sea. (The U.S. pays special attention to the missile launching date; the U.S. Independence Day is on July 4.) ||
 * Sept. 3, 2009 || North Korea sends a letter to the United Nations announcing that "reprocessing of spent fuel rods is at its final phase and extracted plutonium is being weaponized." ||
 * Oct. 4, 2009 || Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao visits North Korea. The world questions the possibility for the Premier to successfully persuade North Korea to return to the six-party talks on its nuclear weapons program ||
 * Oct. 6, 2009 || North Korean leader Kim Jong Il indicates willingness to participate in bilateral talks with the United States and return to six-party talks over its nuclear program. ||

====-Summary: ........ On March 30, 2009, the U.S. and Japan deployed anti-missile batteries on land and sea to shoot down possible debris from an intercontinental ballistic missile of North Korea that was expected to be tested in the next few days. Both the U.S. and Japan had no intention of shooting down the missile, but the U.S. might have “ considered ” it if the missile heads for Hawaii. South Korea also planned to dispatch its Aegis-equipped destroyer. The satellite photographs of the unveiled missiles were released by the Institute for Science and International Security.====

====-Analysis: ........ Following the series of threats of the developing nuclear power plant, DPR Korea ’ s warning of the second launch of missile Taepodong 2 deepened the concern of countries world wide, especially its neighbors and the permanent members of the Security Council. The tension between the nations has been tight, since no nation other than North Korea itself can be certain whether the missile will contain a satellite or a bomb. Furthermore, the launch of the long-ballistic missile was an extreme threat to international security as the missile has the potential military usage of carrying nuclear weapons. This missile launch will give Pyongyang a better chance of showing its dignity and power as a communist country, and appealing to its business partners of arm industry, such as Iran.====

-Summary:
==== ........ According to Japanese Defense Ministry, the missile launched from the Musudan-ri site in northeastern North Korea was submerged into water 2,150 – 2,950 km east of the Chiba Prefecture. The first-stage booster dropped into the ocean off the Akita Prefecture shortly after the missile lifted off. “ The rocket with second- and third-stage boosters passed Japan and continued flying to an area about 2,100 km off Iwate Prefecture. ” Using Aegis destroyers deployed in the Pacific Ocean and a radar facility in Hawaii, the U.S. military continued monitoring until the missile fell into the Pacific Ocean with the second-stage booster attached.====

-Analysis:
==== ........ Like North Korea ’ s previous launch of Taepodong 2 in 2006, launch of the same missile failed according to the U.S. Navy ’ s report. However, the latest launch evidently shows the progress and advancement from the first launch in which the missile sank into the water between the Korean peninsula and Japan. North Korea seems to be spending a large sum of its annual budget in updating its military weapons, instead of improving public health. The economic aid provided by the international community to improve the public standard of living does not seem to be spent appropriately.====

-Summary:
==== ........ The member states of the Security Council held a three-hour emergency meeting on Sunday regarding North Korea ’ s launch of a long-range ballistic missile. The United States, Japan, and South Korea say North Korea has violated UN Security Council resolution 1718, which bans firing of such missiles by Pyongyang after its nuclear and missile test in 2006. Yet, it was not a productive meeting as no decision was made. The five permanent members (P5s) of the Security Council and Japan met at UN headquarters on the following day to explore the UN response. Japan and the three Western powers failed to persuade Russian Federation and China in punishing North Korea. The United States and Japan would like a resolution that expands existing financial sanctions against North Korea. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman emphasizes that launching a satellite and firing a missile or a nuclear test are different in nature. She further stressed that the UN reaction must be “ cautious and proportionate. ” Russia clearly stated that it will not take any action until the Council has a “ clear understanding of all details. ” ====

-Analysis:
==== ........ Different countries are taking different positions in response to the launch of missile. The United States, Japan, and South Korea announced that DPR Korea violated UN Security Council Resolution 1718, and are demanding the Council to punish DPRK. The United States has been concerned about the growing power of DPRK as a communist nation, as well as, Hawaii and Alaska being targets of its missile launch. Being located in close distance with DPRK, Japan and South Korea has feared being the victims of North Korea ’ s nuclear weapons and missiles. China and Russia, on the other hand, are taking more cautious steps in reaction to DPRK ’ s missile launch. China also stated that it will veto any dramatic measures, such as imposing an economic sanction, regarding this issue. By remaining neutral, China and Russia, two growing powers of the world, are able to limit the power of U.S. The major players of the issue are divided into two distinct groups that are reminiscent of the Cold War; the United States, Japan, and South Korea on one side, and the DPRK, Russia, and China on the other side. There has not been an agreement, and the stalemate is expected to last for a long time, making it difficult to come to a consensual decision.====

-Summary:
==== ........ Approximately one tenth of the million Pyongyang citizens gathered on Wednesday to congratulate Kim Jong Il ’ s third term of office and to celebrate the success of the rocket launch that threatened international peace and security by violating the UN resolution of 2006. His re-election further deepened regional tension. North Korea claims the satellite was successfully sent into outer space and accused the Security Council of being ‘ undemocratic ’ by targeting the communist nation while “ allowing many other countries to launch satellites. ” However, South Korea and Japan reported that nothing was detected in their monitoring systems at the orbit and the launch was intended to test North Korea ’ s long range missile technology.====

-Analysis:
==== ........ Interestingly, North Korea did not admit that the launch failed. Whether the satellite was sent to outer space or not will be determined only if North Korea provides the data transmitted from the satellite to prove the existence of the newly sent satellite if there is one. However, North Korea is likely to emphasize its national sovereignty and refuses to give out the data. North Korea is protesting the Security Council condemning it for violating the Security Council resolution 1718, and justifying itself that it was using outer space peacefully. The North Korean missile launch is one of the cases where two different documents prove and disapprove the issue at the same time. The stalemate is expected to continue longer due to a lack of proof and paradox in international documents.====

**April 11, 2009** **[|SKorea, China, Japan want strong message for North]**
========

-Summary:
==== ........ The leaders of South Korea, China, and Japan agreed on Saturday to send North Korea a “ powerful message ” over its rocket launch. Their meeting came as the UN Security Council appeared to be making progress in breaking a deadlock over how to respond to North Korea ’ s missile launch. The three nations and the U.S. believe a presidential statement carries “ equal clout ” as Security Council resolutions. Japanese press Yomiuri reported that the statement would include a demand that North Korea abstain from more launches, and a call for the drawing up of further economic sanctions against.====

-Analysis:
==== ........ Drafting a presidential statement at the Security Council meeting will certainly demonstrate the unification amongst not only the neighbors of DPR Korea, but also the P5 nations of the Security Council, and further strengthen international security. However, it is still a question whether the presidential statement will play an equally powerful role as the Security Council Resolution. Prior to the meeting with South Korea and China, Japan planned to impose stronger economic sanction on North Korea in response to the launch of the missile. Adding power to its plan through drafting the presidential statement along with three other nations, Japan showed its willingness to include economic sanction as a means to punish North Korea. Yet, the presidential statement still has to go through a voting procedure, and China is likely to disagree with any clauses that take dramatic actions against remaining neutral. The final draft of the statement is expected to be milder than Japan ’ s previous decision.====


 * Works Cited in MLA Format. **

====  ... Uschan, Michael V. World History Series -- The Korean War. USA: Lucent Books, 2001. ... Borger, Julian. “US moves warships into position for North Korean missile.” __The Guardian__. 31 March 2009. 5 April 2009 ......... <__[]__>.“Govt says N. Korean missile flew 3,200 km.” __The Yomiuri Shimbun__. 8 April 2009. 10 April 2009 ........ <__[|http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20090408TDY01302.htm]__>. ====   ... Kim, Kwang-Tae. “SKorea, China, Japan want strong message for North.” The __Associated Press__. 11 April 2009. 12 April 2009 ........ <__http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=7312866__>.  ... Louis Charbonneau. “Russia wants deal on U.N. response to North Korea launch.” __Reuters__. 7 April 2009. 11 April 2009 ........ <__[]__>. “North Korea stages huge rally to celebrate rocket.” __Fox 19-The Associated Press__. 9 April 2009. 9 April 2009 ........ <__[]__>.
 * Text**

 **Figures**  “ Flag-map of North Korea. ” __Wikimedia Commons__. 31 August 2008. 12 April 2009 ........ <__http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_North_Korea.svg__>. “ Flag-map of South Korea. ” __Wikimedia Commons__. 31 August 2008. 12 April 2009 ........ <__http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_South_Korea.svg__>. “ Rocket Launch Site in Musudan-ri, North Korea. ” __BBC News__. 26,29 March 2009. 12 April 2009 ........ < __http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/45632000/gif/_45632190_n_korea_rocket_466.gif__ >. “ The Leaders of SKorea, China, and Japan. ” __The Associated Press__. 11 April 2009. 12 April 2009 <span style="color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">........ < __http://img.breitbart.com/images/2009/4/11/ap-p/7f2dcb00-8293-493a-8662-b82355e58e76.jpg__>.